Physiology or Medicine

Masato Hasegawa, Head of Department of Brain & Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan, and

Virginia Man-Yee Lee, John H. Ware 3rd Endowed Professor in Alzheimer's Research, and Director of Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States

For the identification of TDP-43, a pathological signature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), and for other contributions to the study of neurodegenerative diseases

Mary-Claire King, Professor of Medicine and of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States

For demonstrating inherited susceptibility for breast and ovarian cancer and discovering the role played by mutations of the BRCA1 gene

Stuart H. Orkin, David G. Nathan Distinguished Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator

For foundational research on the genetic basis of blood diseases and for advancing gene therapy for sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia

Physics

Immanuel Bloch, Scientific Director, Max-Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany; Professor for Experimental Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany

For ground-breaking research on quantum many-body systems using ultra-cold

 atomic and molecular gases, opening the way to quantum simulations of ‘artificial solids’

Stephen R. Quake, Head of Science, Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, Redwood City, California, United States; Lee Otterson Professor of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States

For contributions to the physics of fluid phenomena on the nanoliter scale

Takashi Taniguchi, Fellow and Director of International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan, and

Kenji Watanabe, Chief Researcher, Electric and Electronic Materials Field, Electroceramics Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan ⠼/span>

For fabrication of high-quality hexagonal boron nitride crystals, the availability of which enabled a revolution in research on the electronic behavior of two-dimensional materials

Chemistry

Zhenan Bao, K.K. Lee Professor of Chemical Engineering, Director, Stanford Wearable Electronics Initiative (eWEAR), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States

For the development of novel biomimetic applications of organic and polymeric electronic materials, including flexible ‘electronic skin’

Bonnie L. Bassler, Squibb Professor in Molecular Biology and Chair of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator, and

E. Peter Greenberg, Professor of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States

For research on regulation of gene expression in bacteria through quorum sensing, a chemical communication system

Daniel G. Nocera, Patterson Rockwood Professor of Energy, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

For fundamental experimental and theoretical contributions to proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) and its application to energy science and biology

Economics

Daron Acemoglu, Institute Professor, Department of Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, and

Simon Johnson, Ronald A. Kurtz (1954) Professor of Entrepreneurship of Economics and Professor, Global Economics and Management, MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, and

James A. Robinson, Reverend Dr. Richard L. Pearson Professor of Global Conflict Studies, and Institute Director, The Pearson Institute for the Study and Resolution of Global Conflicts, Harris School of Public Policy, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States

For far-reaching analysis of the role of political and economic institutions in shaping national development

Samuel Bowles, Research Professor and Director of the Behavioral Sciences Program, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States; Professor Emeritus, Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States, and

Herbert Gintis, Professor Emeritus, Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States; External Professor, Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States

For providing evidence and models that broaden our understanding of economic behavior to include not only self interest but also reciprocity, altruism, and other forms of social cooperation

Richard A. Easterlin, University Professor Emeritus of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States, and

Richard Layard, Co-Director, Community Wellbeing Programme, Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom, and

Andrew J. Oswald, Professor of Economics and Behavioural Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom

For pioneering contributions to the economics of happiness and subjective 

well-being