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In ancient times, horse carriages served multiple functions, including transportation, military use and ceremonies. The history of the carriage goes back a long way, and as its design evolved, so too did methods of harnessing.
Xuan paper originated in ancient China, and is renowned for its softness and delicate texture, making it ideal for expressing the artistry of Chinese calligraphy and painting.
Traditional Chinese sericulture and silk craftsmanship is a complex handicraft system involving many skills such as growing mulberries, raising silkworms, silk reeling, dyeing and fabric weaving as well as folk customs and practices derived from silk production.
Chinese calligraphy is the writing of Chinese characters as an art form, combining purely visual art and interpretation of the literary meaning. This form of expression, which is traditionally held in high esteem across the country, is also a clear manifestation of Chinese philosophy that has influenced Chinese people for several thousand years.
The earliest known bronze in China is an almost 5,000-year-old bronze knife unearthed at the Majiayao cultural site in Dongxiang, Gansu province, which contains 6-10 percent tin and is thought to have been made by smelting. By the Xia Dynasty (2070-1600 BC), China had already started to use pottery mold and piece-mold castings to cast bronze wares, which developed into the Shang and Zhou periods (1600-256 BC), culminating in a large bronze ritual civilization unique to China.
The famous karez system, a vertical tunnel irrigation system in desert areas, is known as one of the three great projects of ancient China, along with the Great Wall and the Beijing -Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is commonly found in Turpan Basin, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
The watertight bulkhead technology of Chinese junks was inscribed both on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity and the List of Intangible Cultural Heritage in Need of Urgent Safeguarding by UNESCO in 2010.
China is the first country in the world to invent the rudder, which is a major achievement in China's shipbuilding and navigation technology, and subsequently went on to have a profound influence on the world of navigation.
In the 1970s, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) named a lunar crater after Ming Dynasty official Wan Hoo, (also known as Wan Hu), in recognition of his daring attempt at space travel. This historical figure may have led us to imagine that space exploration began far earlier than we believe.
Lu Ban (507 -440 BC), an ancient Chinese carpenter and inventor, was revered as the god of craftsman in history. His achievements have become the stuff of legends.
Hua Tuo, a renowned ancient Chinese physician, was a pioneer in developing numerous classical ways of promoting health and well-being. He attached great importance to the benefits of moderate exercise in preventing diseases.
It is recorded that Mafeisan, the first anesthetic drug in the world, was created by Dr. Hua Tuo for surgical operations.
Acupuncture and moxibustion, two therapies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) originated in ancient China and developed over thousands of years by Chinese practitioners.
Dujiangyan is a renowned ancient flood control and irrigation system in Sichuan province, southwest China. It was first built around 256 B.C. as a large-scale water conservancy project by Li Bing, a hydraulic engineer who served the state of Qin as a governor of Shu County.
Ye Tianshi (1666-1745) was a well-renowned medical practitioner in the Qing Dynasty, and the first person who discovered scarlet fever in China.
Chinese Zhusuan is the knowledge and technology of arithmetic calculation using an abacus. It was inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2013.
A press conference held by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC) in Beijing on Friday on the recently concluded fourth plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee highlighted the need to raise innovation capacity to lead the development of new quality productive forces.
Founded in 1795, the National Library of Russia (NLR) is the first public library in Europe and the oldest in Russia. For over 200 years, with its collection of over 40 million rare books, the NLR has been a vast repository preserving Russia's cultural memory and continuing its historical mission.
